|
KMID : 0379119790070010013
|
|
Korean Journal of Mycology
1979 Volume.7 No. 1 p.13 ~ p.73
|
|
|
Studies on nutrient sources , fermentation and harmful organisms of the synthetic compost affecting yield of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
These studies were conducted to investigate nutrient sources and supplementary materials of synthetic compost media for Agaricus bisporus calture. Investigation were carried out to establish the optimum composition for compost of Agaricus bisporus, methods of out-door fermentation and peakheating with rice straw as the main substrate of the media. The incidence and flora of harmful organisms in rice straw compost and their control were also studied.
1. When rice straw was used as the main substrate in synthetic compost as a carbon source, yields were remarkably high. Fermentation was more rapid than that of barley straw or wheat straw, and the total nitrogen content was high in rice straw compost.
2. Since the morphological and physico-chemical nature of Japonica and Indica types of rice straw arc grestiy dissimilar, there were apparent differences in the process of compost fermentation. Fermentation of Indica type straw proceeded more rapidly with a shortening the compost period, reducing the water supply, and required adding of supplementary materials for producing stable physical conditions.
3. Use of barley straw compost resulted in a smaller crop compared with rice straw, but when a 50% barley straw and 50% rice strata mixture was used, the yield was almost the same as that using only rice straw.
4. There were extremely high positive correlations between yield of Agaricus bisporus and the total nitrogen. organic nitrogen. amino acids, amides and amino sugar nitrogen content of compost. The mycerial growth and fruit bode formation were severely inhibited by ammonium nitrogen.
5. When rice straw was used as the main substrate for compost media, urea was the most suitable source of nitrogen. Poor results were obtained with calcium cyanamide and ammonium sulfate. When urea was applied three separate times, nitrogen loss during composting was decreased and the total nitrogen content of compost was increased.
6. The supplementation of organic nutrient activated compost fermentation and increased yield of Agaricus bisporus. The best sources of organic nutrients were: perilla meat sesame meal. w heat bran and poultry manure, etc.
7. Soybean meal, tobacco powder and glutamic acid fermentation by-products which were industrial wastes, could be substituted for perilla meal. sesame meal and wheat bran as organic nutrient sources for compost media.
5. When gypsum and zeolite were added to rice straw. physical deterioration of compost due to excess moisture and caramelization was observed. The Indica type of straw was more remarkable in increase of yield of Agricus bisporus by addition of supplementing materials than Japonica straw.
9. For preparing rice straw compost, the best mixture was prepared by 10% poultry manure, 5% perilla meal, 1.2 to 1.5% urea and 1% gypsum. At spring cropping, it was good to add rice bran to accelerate heat generation of the compost heap.
10. There was significantly high positive correlation (r=0.97) between accumulated temperature and the decomposition degree of compost during outdoor composting. The yield was highest at accumulated temperatures between 900 and 1,000℃.
11. Prolonging the composting period brought about an increase in decomposition degree and total nitrogen content, but a decrease in ammonium nitrogen. In the spring the suitable period of composting was 20 to 25 days, and about 15 days in autumn. For those periods. the degree of decomposition was 19 to 24%.
12. Compactness of wet compost at filling caused an increase in the residual ammonium nitrogen, methane and organic acid during peak heating. There was negative correlation between methane content and yield (r=0.76) and the same was true between volatile organic acid and yield (r=0.73).
13. In compost with a moisture content range between 69 to 80% at filling, the higher the moisture content, the lower the yield (r=0.78). This result was attributed to a reduction in the porosity of compost at filling the beds. The optimum porosity for good fermentation was between 41 and 53%.
14. Peak heating of the compost was essential for the prevention of harmful microorganisms and insect pests, and for the removal of excess ammonia. It was necessary to continue fer meditation for four days after peak heating.
15. Ten species of fungi which are harmful or competitive to Agarieus bisporus were identified from the rice compost, including Diehliomyces microsporus. Trichoderma sp. and Stysanus stemoites. The frequency of occurrence was notably high with serious damage to Agaricus bisporus.
16. Diehliomyces microsporus could be controlled by temperature adjustment of the growing room and by fumigating the compostand the house with Basamid and Vapam. Trichoderma was prevented by the use of Bavistin and Benomyl.
17. Four species of nematodes and five species of mites occured in compost duriag out-door composting: These orgnanisms could be controlled through peakheating compost for 6 hours at 60℃.
|
|
|
KEYWORD
|
|
|
|
|
|
FullTexts / Linksout information
|
|
|
|
|
|
Listed journal information
|
|
 
|
|